McMaster University

McMaster University

Scholarship

Ernest Boyer's Concept of Scholarship

"Teaching is the heartbeat of the educational enterprise."

— Ernest Boyer

Boyer's new paradigm of four equal scholarships endeavoured to create a more inclusive definition of what it means to be a scholar. There is no hierarchy: discovery, integration, application, and teaching should be on an "equal footing" says Boyer. No one form of scholarship should have hegemony over the others. They are sometimes distinct; they sometimes overlap.

Scholarship of Teaching
Transmitting, transforming and extending knowledge

Scholarship of Inquiry
Investigation of new knowledge, and contributing to the field

Scholarship of Engagement
Applying knowledge in broader context, linking theory and practice

Scholarship of Integration
Making connections across disciplines, educating non-specialists

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